Cold Agglutinins => Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurring around 28-31°C -> Typically IgM auto antibodies directed against red blood cells, causing clumping (agglutination) of RBCs (i.e Mycoplasma pneumoniae, CMV, EBV, infectious mononucleosis, varicella zoster virus, HIV, lymphoma, CLL, Waldenström’s)
Cryoglobulins => Insoluble immunoglobulins (also IgM/IgG) that precipitate out of serum in cold temperatures and re-dissolve upon rewarming (i.e Hepatitis C, Multiple Myeloma, lymphoma, CLL, sarcoidosis, SLE, RA)
|
TYPE 1 CRYOGLOBULINS
|
Monoclonal IgM. Think Myeloma/ Lymphoma. Hypervisocity, Raynauds. Digital ischemia
|
|
TYPE 2 CRYOGLOBULINS
|
Monoclonal IgM, Poly IgG. Think Infections/ Hepatitis C. Fatigue, Mylagia, Purpura
|
|
TYPE 3 CRYOGLOBULINS
|
Poly IgM, Poly IgG. Think autoimmune (i.e Sjogrens).
|
|
TESTS
|
ANA, ENA, RF (elevated in 2/3) and C3 and C4 (typically low)
|
REFERENCES
Though often used synonymously; Trapped Lung and Lung Entrapment technically describe separate entities along the…
It is not clearly understood why patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) develop pericardial effusions. However,…
The two drugs are not interchangeable nor dose equivalents. Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) is a semi…
Serum Creatinine can be a deceptive surrogate during an acute kidney injury. It may lag…
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases (i.e SLE, Juvenile idiopathic…
After creation of a percutaneous tracheotomy site for prolonged ventilation, one of the immediate complications…
This website uses cookies.