Both will result in AM (morning) hyperglycemia.
DAWN: “Think Dawn is Down” => Early morning hypergylcemia without preceding hypogylcemia. Secondary to Growth hormone surge at dawn (normal physiology), increasing insulin requirements and serum glucose levels. Treat: May need to increase dose of night time long acting insulin.
SOMOGYI: “SoMo is So Much insulin” => Nocturnal hypoglycemia (from fasting or excess bedtime insulin) causing rebound hypergylcemia. Surge of counter-regulatory hormones (i.e epinephrine and glucagon) that results in hyperglycemia. Treat: Decreasing rather than increasing night time insulin.
NOTE: Evidence (1,2) exists that discredits the Somogyi hypothesis. In fact if a patient has high AM blood sugars, they likely had high blood sugars overnight.
REFERENCES
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to lead to secondary polycythemia due to intermittent hypoxia,…
Catabolism of hemoglobin leads to the release of heme, which converts to biliverdin and then…
Tongue scalloping refers to the series of indentations along the sides of the tongue that…
Older age is recognized as a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.[1] But why? Suspected…
Being overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)/Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) is one of the most…
Nocturia is a common symptom associated with obstructive sleep apnea. [1] Img Cred: Am J…
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