Hyperprolactinemia: Causes

Prolactin (PRL) is an anterior pituitary hormone which has its principle physiological action in initiation and maintenance of lactation. It may be elevated in a variety of scenarios:

1. Lactotroph adenomas (Prolactinomas)
2. Drugs (i.e Anti-psychotics, SSRI, Metoclopamide)
3. Hypothyroidism
4. Chronic renal failure
5. Macroprolactinemia
6. Other physiologic causes include: pregnancy, nipple stimulation, and stress

REFERENCES

1. Majumdar, A. and Mangal, N. Hyperprolactinemia. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2013 Jul-Sep; 6(3): 168–175.
2. Chun, J. Hyperprolactinemia: Causes and Treatments. Clinician Reviews. 2014 February;24(2):26-27.
3. Serri O., et al. Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia. CMAJ. September 16, 2003 169 (6) 575-581.