Ascites Fluid Wave Test: Why a hand on the abdomen?

8 years ago

Ascites: Defined as free fluid in the abdominal cavity. The fluid wave is a very specific test (82-92%) for detecting…

Pregablin (Lyrica) vs Gabapentin (Neurontin)

8 years ago

SIMILARITIES Both medications are often used to treat neuropathic pain and epilepsy Mechanism: Both work via inhibition of Ca+ influx and…

Hyperprolactinemia and Hypothyroidism: Mechanism

8 years ago

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorders in the hypothalamic- pituitary axis. Although the most common etiologies of…

Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome: Why to avoid Beta Blockers?

8 years ago

Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW) is a pre-excitation tachyarrhythmia (SVT or Afib) characterized by a shortened PR interval along with…

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect vs. Jod-Basedow Phenomenon

8 years ago

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect: Iodine induced hypothyroidism. Can occur in normal or hyperthyroid state. Can be used as treatment against hyperthyroidism (i.e…

Pheochromocytoma: Why Alpha and Beta Blockers?

8 years ago

Pheochromocytoma= A rare catecholamine producing tumour that originate from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. Patients classically present with: paroxysmal…

What Bacteria is Associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)?

8 years ago

Campylobacter jejuni has been shown by several studies to be strongly associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In the landmark Kuroki…

Why is AST/ALT 2:1 in Alcoholic Hepatitis?

8 years ago

Patients with alcoholic hepatitis almost always have liver markers levels less than 500 IU/L and often have a ratio AST/ALT…

Asplenia and Encapsulated Bacteria

8 years ago

Splenectomy may be necessary 2° to: 1) trauma 2) cancer (i.e multiple myeloma, ALL, CLL) 3) ITP refractory to treatment. Certain…

Why do PPIs reduce B12 Levels?

8 years ago

Gastric acid inhibitors [Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPIs) & Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)] is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency; especially…

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