On an urine dipstick for suspected UTI, it is not uncommon to find positive nitrites. Nitrates are normally excreted by…
“Whiff” test => Mix patient's vaginal secretions with potassium hydroxide (KOH) 10% solution. A subsequent fishy odor indicates production of…
Urinary tract infections are a common problem seen in both the outpatient and inpatient setting. For community-acquired UTIs, (KEEPS) is…
Ascites: Defined as free fluid in the abdominal cavity. The fluid wave is a very specific test (82-92%) for detecting…
SIMILARITIES Both medications are often used to treat neuropathic pain and epilepsy Mechanism: Both work via inhibition of Ca+ influx and…
Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorders in the hypothalamic- pituitary axis. Although the most common etiologies of…
Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome (WPW) is a pre-excitation tachyarrhythmia (SVT or Afib) characterized by a shortened PR interval along with…
Wolff-Chaikoff Effect: Iodine induced hypothyroidism. Can occur in normal or hyperthyroid state. Can be used as treatment against hyperthyroidism (i.e…
Pheochromocytoma= A rare catecholamine producing tumour that originate from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. Patients classically present with: paroxysmal…
Campylobacter jejuni has been shown by several studies to be strongly associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In the landmark Kuroki…
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