When you begin to treat DKA, it paradoxically appears to get worse on urinalysis before getting better. WHY? Serum ketones…
When trying to determine the etiology of AKI (pre-renal, renal, post-renal) FeNa is often checked. It would be expected in…
Urine AG = Urine (Na + K – Cl) NOTE: In the setting of Bicarbonate loss, kidneys will retain Bicarbonate…
Creatinine is a metabolic byproduct generated from muscle breakdown. Creatinine is filtered from blood by the kidneys and is not…
Allopurinol => enzyme xanthine oxidase inhibitor Therefore blocks the conversion of the purine metabolites (hypoxanthine and xanthine) into uric acid.…
Both are first generation penicillins Pencillin G => IV or IM Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) => more acidic, more stable and…
Typically a sputum gram stain will be sent off to isolate potential respiratory pathogens. Normally your findings should contain many…
Traditional thinking was if there is a space occupying lesion, it may result in increased ICP. When you perform a…
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic, typically used for treatment of MRSA. Traditionally it is recommended to get trough doses to…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate aerobe and only survives in oxygenated areas. Exact reason for TB's propensity to reactivate in…
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