Albumin makes up a majority of the anion gap (unmeasured anion protein). Hence in states of low albumin, an anion…
Total Calcium needs to be interpreted in the context of serum albumin levels WHY? Calcium is protein bound (primarily to…
Why give Clindamycin for a Group A Strep infection that is already adequately covered by a Beta-lactam? Proposed rationale: Clindamycin…
Why is oral (PO) Vancomycin given for C. Difficile? Why not IV? MECHANISM: Vancomycin is a large, hydrophilic molecule that…
Daptomycin (lipopeptide): typically used for VRE and MRSA, but has had poor efficacy in clinical trials for CAP. Proposed rationale:…
The ratio is predictive of prerenal injury when BUN:Cr exceeds 20 WHY IS IT ELEVATED? In prerenal injury, urea increases…
Extensive bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract will cause an increase in Urea (BUN). HOW? Blood is full of…
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) irritate gastroduodenal mucosa, suppress prostaglandin production, impair the ability of the mucosa to repair (reduction in…
The preservative contains citrate (as an anticoagulant) which binds the ionized serum calcium, causing Hypocalcemia. [1] References 1. Schmitt HJ,…
Group = This is the ABO (antigenic oligosaccharide chains) and Rh group (+/-) Screen = This detects any non-ABO alloantibodies…
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