Often confused as the same syndrome, Hepatopulmonary syndrome and Portopulmonary hypertension are two distinct disease processes. Both are characterized as…
Alpha1 antitrypsin (α1 AT) deficiency is the only known genetic abnormality that leads to COPD; it accounts for less than…
Hoover's sign refers to the paradoxical inspiratory retraction of the rib cage and lower intercostal interspaces. Normally, the costal margin…
The clot CAUSES Dead space; which does not cause hypoxia/hypoxemia on its own. ALWAYS ASK ABOUT: Resp Rate (PE creates…
It is common teaching to be judicious when interpreting the thoracentesis results of patients receiving diuretic therapy. It is stated,…
Aspiration events have a gravity-based predilection, meaning the lobes/ lung segments in the most dependent positions are likely affected. Also,…
Ground glass opacities are hazy increases in lung opacity without obscuration of the underlying parenchymal vessels. Whereas, Consolidation is an…
It is common dogma on the wards that oxygen therapy for chronic CO2 retainers should be targeted between 88-92% during…
During a Respiratory exam, the question of paradoxical breathing commonly comes up. The more accurate and correct term is actually…
Sometimes when interpreting spiromtery, a patient may have what appears to be a mixed obstructive/ restrictive picture. (Reduced FEV1/FVC and…
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