VERY common question on internal medicine wards, and important to recognize as early as possible! The mnemonic commonly used is “DEMENTIA”
Drugs
Ears and Eyes (i.e Deafness or Blindness)
Metabolic Derangement (i.e Chronic Hypercalcemia, Hypo and hyper thyroidism, Adrenal insufficiency)
Emotional (Depression)
Nutrition (i.e B12 deficiency, also B1, B6) Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Trauma (i.e Subdural hematoma), Tumor (i.e Neoplasm or Intracranial abscess)
Infection (i.e Neurosyphilis, Encephalitis (limbic, HIV, herpes), Lyme’s disease, Whipple’s disease)
Alcohol (i.e Wernicke encephalopathy) – but also consider other recreation drug use!
REFERENCES
Nocturia is a common symptom associated with obstructive sleep apnea. [1] Img Cred: Am J…
ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) Wide, Fixed split S2 (in contrast to the normal variation in…
Mixed apneas are characterized by absent respiratory effort and airflow in the first section of…
Although rare, the differential diagnosis of hypoventilation and hypercapnia respiratory failure includes hypothyroidism. It is…
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a hormone created in response to cardiac wall stretch due…
A common finding described on computed tomography (CT) imaging. A disease with a peribronchovascular distribution…
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