Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is thought to lead to secondary polycythemia due to intermittent hypoxia, which stimulates the release of…
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases (i.e SLE, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Adult onset Still’s disease).…
Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine tumors which originate most often in the bowel, less commonly in the lungs, and rarely…
Psuedo Pelger-Huet cells have the morphological characterization of Neutrophils with hypolobation [hypo-segmented]. It can be a benign inherited defect (1/6000)…
Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency that most often occurs following initiation of cytotoxic therapy, especially in patients with…
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) Asymptomatic premalignant state Common in elderly population (~10% in patients >75 years old) Paraprotein…
Do not mix pRBC infusion with hypotonic solution (i.e D5W). Why? The hypotonic solution has a lower osmolarity, will shift…
Type 1: Heparin directly causes platelets to aggregate (non-immune). Occurs within 48hrs after initiating heparin; mild, transient and no treatment…
Heinz bodies Howell jolly bodies Inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin They are formed as a result…
A common issue with multiple etiologies, the following test results will help to confirm your clinical suspicion: ↓ Ferritin (If…
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