Both are minimally absorbed oral antibiotics with broad-spectrum coverage for gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. They can reduce or…
Lactulose (want to achieve 2-3 soft bowel movements per day) Lactulose prevents ammonia (NH3) from diffusing out of the colon…
Pellagra, a deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin), can be secondary to a recurrent carcinoid tumor. Carcinoid tumors produce serotonin, which…
Leukocytosis is secondary to demargination. Corticosteroids, anti inflammatory glucocorticoids (i.e dexamethasone) and catecholamines (i.e epinephrine) cause leukocytes to demarginate from the…
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation can be present in 70% of patients due to two different mechanisms: (1) hemosiderin deposition => diffuse, slate-gray…
Current serological testing detects the IgA isotype of the Anti-TTG antibodies. Hence if a person is IgA deficient they will…
Due to Liver Cell Failure Coma Scleral Icterus Parotid Enlargement Temporal Wasting Fetor Hepaticus Spider Nevi (Angioma) Gynecomastia Jaundice Loss…
The eGFR estimation formulas [(such as Cockcroft-Gault or MDRD)] were derived using patients at steady states, whose renal function was…
Urine dipsticks only detect albumin and not all proteins, including light chains (i.e Bence Jones Protein). Therefore, a patient with…
Characteristic finding in Guillain–Barré syndrome (also associated with spinal block and with intracranial neoplasia) Elevated protein level (albumin) in CSF…
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