Why do NSAIDs cause Peptic ulcers?

9 years ago

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) irritate gastroduodenal mucosa, suppress prostaglandin production, impair the ability of the mucosa to repair (reduction in…

Why can a Massive Blood Transfusion cause Hypocalcemia?

9 years ago

The preservative contains citrate (as an anticoagulant) which binds the ionized serum calcium, causing Hypocalcemia. [1] References 1. Schmitt HJ,…

What is Blood Group, Screen and Match?

9 years ago

Group = This is the ABO (antigenic oligosaccharide chains) and Rh group (+/-) Screen = This detects any non-ABO alloantibodies…

How Rifaximin/ Neomycin treats Hepatic Encephalopathy?

9 years ago

Both are minimally absorbed oral antibiotics with broad-spectrum coverage for gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. They can reduce or…

How Lactulose treats Hepatic Encephalopathy?

9 years ago

Lactulose (want to achieve 2-3 soft bowel movements per day) Lactulose prevents ammonia (NH3) from diffusing out of the colon…

Why does a Carcinoid tumour cause Pellagra?

9 years ago

Pellagra, a deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin), can be secondary to a recurrent carcinoid tumor. Carcinoid tumors produce serotonin, which…

Why do Steroids or Glucocorticoids increase WBC count?

9 years ago

Leukocytosis is secondary to demargination. Corticosteroids, anti inflammatory glucocorticoids (i.e dexamethasone) and catecholamines (i.e epinephrine) cause leukocytes to demarginate from the…

Why does Hemochromatosis cause Bronze Skin?

9 years ago

Cutaneous hyperpigmentation can be present in 70% of patients due to two different mechanisms: (1) hemosiderin deposition => diffuse, slate-gray…

Why does IgA Deficiency make Anti-TTG negative?

9 years ago

Current serological testing detects the IgA isotype of the Anti-TTG antibodies. Hence if a person is IgA deficient they will…

Stigmata of Liver Disease

9 years ago

Due to Liver Cell Failure Coma Scleral Icterus  Parotid Enlargement  Temporal Wasting  Fetor Hepaticus Spider Nevi (Angioma) Gynecomastia  Jaundice  Loss…

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