Hypercalcemia and Renal failure: Mechanism

8 years ago

Calcium homeostasis is normally under very tight control! There are 3 main sites of control: the gastrointestinal tract, bone, and…

Heinz bodies vs. Howell jolly bodies

8 years ago

Heinz bodies Howell jolly bodies Inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin They are formed as a result…

How does pH affect Calcium?

8 years ago

Ionized Calcium (Ca2+) and Hydrogen ions (H+) compete for binding to Albumin (-) and other negatively charged protein molecules. WHEN…

How to Assess for Nail Clubbing (JAMA)

9 years ago

The JAMA Rational Clinical Examination recommends two clinical signs: Img Cred: The JAMA Rational Clinical Examination The Lovibond angle (angle…

What side are Congestive heart failure Pleural effusions on?

9 years ago

Pleural effusions in patients with congestive heart failure are typically bilateral. However, a unilateral pleural effusion is more commonly seen…

Neuroleptics and Prolactin: Mechanism

9 years ago

Neuroleptic medications can produce hyperprolactinemia even at very low doses and are the most common cause of galactorrhea in psychiatric…

SSRI and Upper GI Bleed: Mechanism

9 years ago

SSRIs have been implicated in a modest increase risk of Upper GI bleeds in recent meta-analysis and review. [6] Img…

When to Treat Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

9 years ago

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria can be defined as a positive urine culture (Two consecutive clean-catch voided urine specimens of at least 100,000…

Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG) and Pregnancy

9 years ago

During the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, serum TBG levels will increase by two fold. This causes more T3/T4 to…

Physical Findings that change Likelihood of Aortic Stenosis

9 years ago

Aortic stenosis (AS) is classically a mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur that radiates to the carotid. Features that INCREASE likelihood [1]: Pulsus…

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