Hypercalcemia and Renal failure: Mechanism

10 years ago

Calcium homeostasis is normally under very tight control! There are 3 main sites of control: the gastrointestinal tract, bone, and…

Heinz bodies vs. Howell jolly bodies

10 years ago

Heinz bodies Howell jolly bodies Inclusions within red blood cells composed of denatured hemoglobin They are formed as a result…

How does pH affect Calcium?

10 years ago

Ionized Calcium (Ca2+) and Hydrogen ions (H+) compete for binding to Albumin (-) and other negatively charged protein molecules. WHEN…

How to Assess for Nail Clubbing (JAMA)

10 years ago

The JAMA Rational Clinical Examination recommends two clinical signs: Img Cred: The JAMA Rational Clinical Examination The Lovibond angle (angle…

What side are Congestive heart failure Pleural effusions on?

10 years ago

Pleural effusions in patients with congestive heart failure are typically bilateral. However, a unilateral pleural effusion is more commonly seen…

Neuroleptics and Prolactin: Mechanism

10 years ago

Neuroleptic medications can produce hyperprolactinemia even at very low doses and are the most common cause of galactorrhea in psychiatric…

SSRI and Upper GI Bleed: Mechanism

10 years ago

SSRIs have been implicated in a modest increase risk of Upper GI bleeds in recent meta-analysis and review. [6] Img…

When to Treat Asymptomatic Bacteriuria?

10 years ago

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria can be defined as a positive urine culture (Two consecutive clean-catch voided urine specimens of at least 100,000…

Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG) and Pregnancy

10 years ago

During the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, serum TBG levels will increase by two fold. This causes more T3/T4 to…

Physical Findings that change Likelihood of Aortic Stenosis

10 years ago

Aortic stenosis (AS) is classically a mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur that radiates to the carotid. Features that INCREASE likelihood [1]: Pulsus…

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