Why is AST/ALT 2:1 in Alcoholic Hepatitis?

9 years ago

Patients with alcoholic hepatitis almost always have liver markers levels less than 500 IU/L and often have a ratio AST/ALT…

Asplenia and Encapsulated Bacteria

9 years ago

Splenectomy may be necessary 2° to: 1) trauma 2) cancer (i.e multiple myeloma, ALL, CLL) 3) ITP refractory to treatment. Certain…

Why do PPIs reduce B12 Levels?

9 years ago

Gastric acid inhibitors [Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPIs) & Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)] is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency; especially…

ADLs (DEATH) and IADLs (SHAFT)

9 years ago

ADLS (Activities of daily living): Often used to assess functional status; Mostly used for elderly or chronically ill patients. D-…

What are the Reversible Causes of Dementia? (mnemonic)

9 years ago

VERY common question on internal medicine wards, and important to recognize as early as possible! The mnemonic commonly used is…

Crohn’s Disease vs. Ulcerative Colitis

9 years ago

Differential Dx of Signs and Symptoms SYMPTOMS Crohn’s Disease Ulcerative Colitis Defecation Will present porridge-like stool and possibly fatty diarrhea…

Causes of Pancreatitis: I GET SMASHED

9 years ago

Idiopathic (i.e microlithiasis) ·         Gallstones Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)         Trauma (especially blunt abdominal trauma)·   Scorpion bites (Tityus trinitatis, Trinidad) Mumps.…

Signs of Hypocalcemia

9 years ago

HYPOCALCEMIA Low serum calcium levels in the blood< 2.12mmol/L (TOTAL) and <1.16mmol/L (+) Signs and Symptoms POSITIVE bathmotropic effects due…

Why expiration film for Pneumothorax?

9 years ago

When a pneumothorax is suspected, an inspiration AND expiration chest x-ray will often be obtained. On an expiratory film, the…

Empyema vs. Abscess

9 years ago

Empyema => collection of pus in a pre-existing anatomical cavity (i.e pleura space) Abscess => collection of pus in a…

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