Gastric acid inhibitors [Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPIs) & Histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs)] is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency; especially…
ADLS (Activities of daily living): Often used to assess functional status; Mostly used for elderly or chronically ill patients. D-…
VERY common question on internal medicine wards, and important to recognize as early as possible! The mnemonic commonly used is…
Differential Dx of Signs and Symptoms SYMPTOMS Crohn’s Disease Ulcerative Colitis Defecation Will present porridge-like stool and possibly fatty diarrhea…
Idiopathic (i.e microlithiasis) · Gallstones Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Trauma (especially blunt abdominal trauma)· Scorpion bites (Tityus trinitatis, Trinidad) Mumps.…
HYPOCALCEMIA Low serum calcium levels in the blood< 2.12mmol/L (TOTAL) and <1.16mmol/L (+) Signs and Symptoms POSITIVE bathmotropic effects due…
When a pneumothorax is suspected, an inspiration AND expiration chest x-ray will often be obtained. On an expiratory film, the…
Empyema => collection of pus in a pre-existing anatomical cavity (i.e pleura space) Abscess => collection of pus in a…
tPA is considered a gold standard for treatment of patients with ischemic strokes. Mechanism: Works by dissolving clots and restoring/improving…
Diuresis is an important treatment in the setting of fluid overload. But it has potential side effects. Of NOTE: Thiazide:…
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