Two systematic reviews have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of elements of the medical history, physical examination, or readily available tests…
SYMPTOMS THAT RULE OUT (Lowest -LR): The absence of pain of sudden onset substantively decreases the probability of dissection (negative…
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects over 1/4th of the world's population. It has become the leading cause of cirrhosis…
Functions on the premise of mismatch in coronary perfusion after a vasodilator (e.g dipyridamole) is administered. HOW? The coronary vessels…
Often confused as the same syndrome, Hepatopulmonary syndrome and Portopulmonary hypertension are two distinct disease processes. Both are characterized as…
When a patient presents with DKA, it is important to try to elucidate the cause. An easy way to remember…
Alpha1 antitrypsin (α1 AT) deficiency is the only known genetic abnormality that leads to COPD; it accounts for less than…
Patients presenting with severe alcoholic hepatitis (Discriminant Function value ≥32) have high short-term mortality and may benefit from treatment with…
Distinguishing between the coagulation abnormalities of liver disease vs. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) can be difficult as clinical and biochemical findings…
Hoover's sign refers to the paradoxical inspiratory retraction of the rib cage and lower intercostal interspaces. Normally, the costal margin…
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