Nephrology

Piperacillin-tazobactam induced hypokalemia: Mechanism

Piperacillin/tazobactam is a commonly used antibiotic with tolerable side effects and broad antimicrobial activity in general practice. Rare side-effects can…

9 years ago

How can Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis) be Prevented?

Adequate fluid intake (>2 Litres/day) Decrease salt intake to less than 2300 mg/day Minimize Oxalate intake (for patients with calcium…

9 years ago

Indications for Dialysis in Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

1. Refractory Fluid Overload 2. Severe hyperkalemia (>6.5 mEq/L) or rapidly rising potassium levels 3. Signs of uremia including pericarditis,…

9 years ago

Hypercalcemia and Renal failure: Mechanism

Calcium homeostasis is normally under very tight control! There are 3 main sites of control: the gastrointestinal tract, bone, and…

9 years ago

Hypomagnesemia and Hypokalemia: Mechanism

Img Cred: JASN October 2007 Magnesium deficiency is often associated with refractory hypokalemia (In up to 50% of cases there…

9 years ago

Beer Potomania: Mechanism

WHAT IS IT? Hyponatraemia (dilutional) secondary to excessive alcohol consumption and undernourishment (i.e low protein/salt) HOW? Malnourished chronic alcoholics with minimal…

9 years ago

Azotemia vs. Uremia

Azotemia => Characterized by increased levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (i.e urea, BUN) NOT severe enough to cause symptoms. Uremia =>…

10 years ago

Purple Urine Syndrome: Mechanism

Rarely, there can be purple discoloration of the urine, collecting bag, and tubing (the purple urine bag syndrome). The purple…

10 years ago

Biochemical signs of Overdiuresis

Diuresis is an important treatment in the setting of fluid overload. But it has potential side effects. Of NOTE: Thiazide:…

10 years ago

Why do ACE inhibitors cause cough?

A dry and often bothersome cough is the most common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors. Recent studies indicate that cough…

10 years ago

This website uses cookies.