Iron poisoning is often listed in the classic metabolic acidosis mnemonic MUDPILES, but how does it cause an anion gap…
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) Asymptomatic premalignant state Common in elderly population (~10% in patients >75 years old) Paraprotein…
Do not mix pRBC infusion with hypotonic solution (i.e D5W). Why? The hypotonic solution has a lower osmolarity, will shift…
Type 1: Heparin directly causes platelets to aggregate (non-immune). Occurs within 48hrs after initiating heparin; mild, transient and no treatment…
Neisseria meningitidis (Gram-negative cocci) life threatening cause of sepsis and bacterial meningitis. Classically, individuals who lack terminal complement proteins (C5-C9)…
The Caloric Reflex Test is used to test the Vestibulo–ocular reflex. It is one of the tests used to assess…
Classical clinical symptoms of Wernicke's Encephalopathy: Encephalopathy (i.e disorientation, inattentiveness) Oculomotor dysfunction (i.e typically bilateral horizontal nystagmus, lateral rectus palsy)…
Classical clinical symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) include: Fluctuating level of cognitive impairment Recurring visual hallucinations Parkinsonism (i.e bradykinesia,…
Hypothyroidism has been recognized as a cause of secondary hypertension. Img Cred: http://circ.ahajournals.org/ Previous studies on the prevalence of hypertension…
Primary: Elevated PTH that results in elevated Ca2+. Typically caused by parathyroid adenoma. Secondary: Elevated PTH due to Low Ca2+ (Hypocalcemia).…
This website uses cookies.