Tyramine and MAO inhibitors: Mechanism

8 years ago

Patients on Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) inhibitors (especially MAO-A inhibitors or non-selective MAO inhibitors) are advised to avoid Tyramine rich foods.…

What are Non caseating (Non-necrotizing) Granulomas?

8 years ago

A granuloma is a focal, compact collection of inflammatory cells (i.e histocytes). "Caseation" (translation "turning to cheese"). Non caseating aka Non-necrotizing…

Hypercalcemia and Malignancy: Mechanism

8 years ago

Hypercalcemia affects up to a third of cancer patients and malignant hypercalcemia is the most common oncological emergency leading to…

Azotemia vs. Uremia

8 years ago

Azotemia => Characterized by increased levels of nitrogen-containing compounds (i.e urea, BUN) NOT severe enough to cause symptoms. Uremia =>…

Crohn’s disease and Nephrolithiasis: Mechanism

8 years ago

Renal disorders, especially nephrolithiasis, are observed in one-third of patients with Crohn's disease, probably related to increased oxalate absorption associated…

Purple Urine Syndrome: Mechanism

8 years ago

Rarely, there can be purple discoloration of the urine, collecting bag, and tubing (the purple urine bag syndrome). The purple…

How the Urea breath test works?

8 years ago

H. pylori that colonizes the gastric mucosa will produce an enzyme called Urease (catalyzes the breakdown of urea to produce…

Urine Dipstick: Nitrates and Nitrites

8 years ago

On an urine dipstick for suspected UTI, it is not uncommon to find positive nitrites. Nitrates are normally excreted by…

What is the “Whiff” test?

8 years ago

“Whiff” test => Mix patient's vaginal secretions with potassium hydroxide (KOH) 10% solution. A subsequent fishy odor indicates production of…

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI): KEEPS Mnemonic

8 years ago

Urinary tract infections are a common problem seen in both the outpatient and inpatient setting. For community-acquired UTIs, (KEEPS) is…

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