A common treatment modality for hypokalemia is intravenous potassium replacement; especially in the setting of critically low values (<2.5). When…
Hungry Bone syndrome is a phenomenon of post-operative hypocalcemia. It is an uncommon, but serious post-surgical sequalae of parathyroidectomy. It…
Sulfonylureas were discovered in 1942, and several have been available since the 1960s. Glyburide is a second-generation sulfonylurea, it works…
Prolactin (PRL) is an anterior pituitary hormone which has its principle physiological action in initiation and maintenance of lactation. It…
This is an important clinical distinction to make, but may not always be easy. Myopathy (Break down or inflammation of…
Rinne and Weber testing are useful clinical bedside assessments to differentiate the two primary causes of hearing loss. RINNE (+):…
Pronator Drift is commonly assessed during a stroke assessment. It is a marker of upper motor neuron weakness. MECHANISM: In…
Alpha-1 antitrypsin is an anti protease that protects the lungs from endogenous elastases, collagenases, and protease. These enzymes are responsible for…
Psuedo Pelger-Huet cells have the morphological characterization of Neutrophils with hypolobation [hypo-segmented]. It can be a benign inherited defect (1/6000)…
Classical findings of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) include: Ataxia (typically the initial and most prominent symptom of NPH) Dementia Urinary…
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