Rinne and Weber testing are useful clinical bedside assessments to differentiate the two primary causes of hearing loss. RINNE (+):…
Pronator Drift is commonly assessed during a stroke assessment. It is a marker of upper motor neuron weakness. MECHANISM: In…
Alpha-1 antitrypsin is an anti protease that protects the lungs from endogenous elastases, collagenases, and protease. These enzymes are responsible for…
Psuedo Pelger-Huet cells have the morphological characterization of Neutrophils with hypolobation [hypo-segmented]. It can be a benign inherited defect (1/6000)…
Classical findings of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) include: Ataxia (typically the initial and most prominent symptom of NPH) Dementia Urinary…
Metformin belongs to the Biguanide class of medications used to treat Type 2 Diabetes. Metformin works by decreasing the amount…
Sodium bicarbonate has become the mainstay treatment for arrhythmias caused by TCA toxicity. The cardiotoxic effects of TCA work via…
Compensated: Patients with cirrhosis that have not developed major complications of cirrhosis. Decompensated: Patients with cirrhosis who have developed major…
Post hypercapnic alkalosis (PHA) is frequently overlooked as a complication of acutely intubated & mechanically ventilated patients with COPD exacerbations.…
Alcoholic hepatitis lab findings classically reveal serum AST/ ALT >2. (Although rarely above 300 IU per milliliter). Although this finding…
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