Endocrinology

How Does Hypothyroidism Cause Hypoventilation?How Does Hypothyroidism Cause Hypoventilation?

How Does Hypothyroidism Cause Hypoventilation?

Although rare, the differential diagnosis of hypoventilation and hypercapnia respiratory failure includes hypothyroidism. It is usually associated with severe hypothyroidism…

2 years ago
7 I’s of DKA: Causes Mnemonic7 I’s of DKA: Causes Mnemonic

7 I’s of DKA: Causes Mnemonic

When a patient presents with DKA, it is important to try to elucidate the cause. An easy way to remember…

5 years ago

Refeeding Syndrome: Mechanism

Refeeding Syndrome is  a set of clinical complications that typically occur in severely malnourished patients as a result of aggressive…

7 years ago

Hunger Bone Syndrome: Mechanism

Hungry Bone syndrome is a phenomenon of post-operative hypocalcemia. It is an uncommon, but serious post-surgical sequalae of parathyroidectomy. It…

7 years ago
Glyburide and HypogylcemiaGlyburide and Hypogylcemia

Glyburide and Hypogylcemia

Sulfonylureas were discovered in 1942, and several have been available since the 1960s. Glyburide is a second-generation sulfonylurea, it works…

7 years ago

Hyperprolactinemia: Causes

Prolactin (PRL) is an anterior pituitary hormone which has its principle physiological action in initiation and maintenance of lactation. It…

7 years ago

Why Hold Metformin after IV Contrast?

Metformin belongs to the Biguanide class of medications used to treat Type 2 Diabetes. Metformin works by decreasing the amount…

7 years ago

Hypocalcemia and Pancreatitis: Mechanism

Various studies have demonstrated Hypocalcemia as a poor prognostic marker in patients with pancreatitis. It is often apart of severity…

7 years ago
Propranolol and T4 & T3: MechanismPropranolol and T4 & T3: Mechanism

Propranolol and T4 & T3: Mechanism

Propranolol (Beta-blocker) decreases plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and increases plasma rT3 in a dose-dependent manner due to a decreased production rate…

8 years ago

Hypercalcemia in Granulomatous Disorders: Mechanism

Hypercalcemia can occur in the context of several granulomatous diseases including: Sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, Silicosis, Berylliosis, Tuberculosis, Fungal granulomas and…

8 years ago