Regular vs. Irregular Supraventricular Tachycardias (SVT)

9 years ago

REGULAR IRREGULAR ·         Sinus tachycardia ·         AVRT ·         AVNRT ·         Atrial flutter (with fixed block) ·         Atrial tachycardia ·         Atrial…

Antibiotics and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Diarrhea

9 years ago

Controversy surrounds the use of antibiotics in the treatment of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infections due to concerns about triggering…

Blood test (Iron Studies) results of Iron Deficiency Anemia

9 years ago

A common issue with multiple etiologies, the following test results will help to confirm your clinical suspicion: ↓ Ferritin (If…

What are the Liver Function Tests (LFTs)?

9 years ago

A pretty standard question to be asked on the wards. They are markers of Liver Synthetic function; they are as…

Hypokalemia and Digoxin Toxicity

9 years ago

Digoxin [Antiarrhythmic (Class III)] competes with Potassium for binding to cellular Na+/K+ ATPase pumps. Hypokalemia predisposes the patient to Digoxin…

Interventions with Mortality Benefit in COPD

9 years ago

Smoking Cessation Long-term Oxygen therapy (>15 hours per day) Lung volume reduction surgery in certain subsets of COPD patients (Emphysema)…

Lambert-Eaton vs. Myasthenia Gravis

9 years ago

Myasthenia Gravis Lambert-Eaton Auto-antibodies against ACh Receptor POST-synaptic Motor response decreases with successive contractions of voluntary skeletal muscles (particularly ocular, masticatory,…

How can Levodopa cross the blood-brain barrier, while Dopamine cannot?

9 years ago

Exogenous Dopamine is unable to cross the tight junctions of the endothelial cells in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Dopamine has no clinically…

Why is Sodium (Na+) times two in Osmolar gap?

9 years ago

The serum osmolality is calculated by the concentrations of the different effective osmoles which compose it. The formula: Calculated Sosm  …

Paget’s Disease and High-output Cardiac Heart Failure

9 years ago

Paget's disease of the bone (accelerated bone turnover and remodeling, resulting in impaired bone integrity and overgrowth) is one of…

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