Hypomagnesemia and Hypokalemia: Mechanism

8 years ago

Img Cred: JASN October 2007 Magnesium deficiency is often associated with refractory hypokalemia (In up to 50% of cases there…

Cryoglobulins vs. Cold Agglutinins

8 years ago

Cold Agglutinins => Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurring around 28-31°C -> Typically IgM auto antibodies directed against red blood cells,…

Valsartan/sacubitril (Entresto): Mechanism

8 years ago

Entresto is made up of two molecules => Valsartan & Scubitril Valsartan is an ARB (Angiotensin receptor blockers) =>  Angiotensin…

Beer Potomania: Mechanism

8 years ago

WHAT IS IT? Hyponatraemia (dilutional) secondary to excessive alcohol consumption and undernourishment (i.e low protein/salt) HOW? Malnourished chronic alcoholics with minimal…

Sickle Cell Anemia Occlusion: Mechanism

8 years ago

MECHANISM: The loss of the hydrophilic AA for a hydrophobic AA will allow it to interact with hydrophobic AA helices…

Dawn phenomenon vs. Somogyi effect

8 years ago

Both will result in AM (morning) hyperglycemia. DAWN: "Think Dawn is Down" => Early morning hypergylcemia without preceding hypogylcemia. Secondary…

Biochemical Signs of Hemolysis

8 years ago

Signs of intravascular hemolysis include: Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (marker of tissue damage) Reduction in haptoglobin (binds free hemoglobin [Hb]) UNnconjugated hyperbilirubinemia…

Alcohol Withdrawal & GABA: Mechanism

8 years ago

MECHANISM: Abrupt withdrawal is thought to reduce inhibitory neurotransmission and enhance excitatory neurotransmission. Caused by the effects of alcohol on…

Why do you bridge Warfarin?

8 years ago

When you start a patient on Warfarin (i.e after a PE); there will be an overlap of administration of Warfarin…

What is Pulsus Paradoxus?

8 years ago

WHAT IS IT? Drop in blood pressure of more than 10 mmHg during inspiration phase. Technically not "paradoxical". It is…

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